Input Data

SCOPE is built entirely on open-source data. Every oil field, refinery, pipeline, port, and shipping lane in the model can be inspected, verified, and improved. The full dataset is available on GitHub.

Have better data? We'd love to hear from you. If you have access to more accurate field production figures, refinery throughput data, pipeline capacities, or extraction costs — please reach out. SCOPE improves with better inputs, and we're happy to help integrate your data into the model.

Network Scale

2,522

Oil Fields

Production capacity, extraction costs, and coordinates for every major field worldwide.

574

Refineries

Throughput capacity, demand curves, and storage levels for refineries across all continents.

293

Ports

Coastal transit nodes connecting pipelines and overland routes to the global shipping network.

90,343

Network Edges

Pipelines, shipping lanes, and overland connections — each with capacity and cost per barrel.

Data Sources

Dataset Source Coverage
Refineries Wikipedia (structured scrape) 574 refineries, 90+ countries
Oil fields Public production databases 2,522 fields, all major producers
Pipelines OpenStreetMap + public pipeline maps 7,700+ pipeline segments
Shipping lanes Global shipping route GeoJSON 28,000+ waypoints, global coverage
Extraction costs Country-level estimates (IEA, Rystad) Per-country $/bbl extraction cost
Price elasticities Caldara, Cavallo & Iacoviello (2019) Demand: −0.15, Supply: 0.15
World oil demand IEA (2024) 102 Mb/d baseline demand

Calibration

Raw field supply totals 57 Mb/d and refinery demand totals 84 Mb/d in the source data. Both are scaled to match the IEA's 2024 estimate of ~102 Mb/d global oil demand. Demand curves are calibrated at 95% refinery utilisation and $74/bbl (2025 Brent estimate). Each field gets 20% spare capacity above its base production level.

Open Source

The complete model code, network construction pipeline, and all input data files are available at github.com/hiddekolmeijer/SCOPE. Contributions, corrections, and suggestions are welcome.